Azeotrope table

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johnnyv
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Azeotrope table

Post by johnnyv »

Primary Secondary Tertiary Mix BP °C P BP °C S BP °C T BP °C P mass % S mass % T mass % Notes
Acetaldehyde 21 21 100 No water azeotrope
Ethyl formate Methanol 51 54.1 64.7 84 16
Methyl Acetate Methanol 53.8 57 64.7 81.3 18.7
Acetone Methanol 55.7 56.5 64.7 87.9 12.1
Methyl Acetate Water 56.1 57 100 95 5
Acetone 56.5 56.5 100 No water azeotrope
Methyl Acetate Ethanol 56.9 57 78.44 97 3
Ethyl Acetate Methanol 62.3 77.1 64.7 56 44
Methanol Isopropanol 64 64.7 82.5 80 20
Methanol 64.7 64.7 100 No water azeotrope
Ethyl Acetate Water 70.4 77.1 100 91.9 8.1
Ethyl Acetate Ethanol 71.8 77.1 78.44 69.2 30.8
Diacetyl Ethanol 73.9 88 78.44 53 47
Isopropyl acetate Isopropanol Water 75.5 101.6 82.5 100 76 13 11 Ternary azeotrope
Ethanol isopropyl acetate 76.8 78.44 88.4 53 47
Ethanol Methyl butyrate Water 77.62 78.44 102.34 100 56.63 34.88 8.49 Ternary azeotrope
Ethanol Methyl butyrate 78.13 78.44 102.34 80.78 19.22
Ethanol Water 78.29 78.44 100 95.68 4.32
Diacetyl Water 78.5 88 100 89.29 10.71
Isopropanol Water 80.4 82.5 100 87.7 12.3
N-Propyl acetate Water Propanol 82.2 101.6 100 97.3 59.5 21 19.5 Ternary azeotrope
N-Propyl acetate Water 82.4 101.6 100 86 14
Methyl butyrate Water 84.77 102.34 100 82.11 17.89
Propanol Water 88.24 97.3 100 71.03 28.97
Isobutanol Water 90 108 100 70 30
Isobutyl acetate Water 90.26 118.04 100 75.6 24.4
N-Butyl acetate Water N-Butanol 90.6 125.94 100 117.8 63 29 8 Ternary azeotrope
N-Butyl acetate Water 90.7 125.94 100 72.9 27.1
Ethyl butyrate Water 91.4 120.54 100 73.24 26.76
Butanol Water 92.4 117.8 100 55.5 44.5
N-Butyl acetate Water 92.98 125.94 100 69 31
Water Isoamyl alcohol Isoamyl acetate 93.6 100 130.54 142 44.8 31.2 24 Ternary azeotrope
Propyl butyrate Water 94.91 142.74 100 61.74 38.26
Isoamyl alcohol Water 95.31 130.54 100 51.33 48.67
Water Iso-butyric acid 99.3 100 154.5 79 21
Water Butyric acid 99.94 100 163.5 81.6 18.4
Water Propionic acid 99.98 100 141.1 82.3 17.7
Formic acid Water 107.3 100.8 100 77.5 22.5 Negative azeotrope
Acetic acid 118.1 118.1 100 No water azeotrope



References:
http://vle-calc.com/azeotrope.html" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;" rel="nofollow Azeotrope database for organic solvent mixtures
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeotrope_tables" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;" rel="nofollow
https://chestofbooks.com/science/chemis ... tures.html" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;" rel="nofollow
http://biopent.uv.es/~roberto/Docencia2 ... _35_86.pdf" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;" rel="nofollow
THE BREAKING OF TERNARY ACETATE-ALCOHOL-WATER AZEOTROPES BY EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION. LLOYD BERG & AN-I YEH
US2176500A Process of concentrating aqueous aliphatic acid solutions by means of seven carbon atom aliphatic esters and five carbon atom aliphatic alcohol entrainers


A rather non exhaustive list of azeotropes related to distillation.
Interesting to note that many high boiling esters form minimum boiling ternary azeotropes with their parent alcohols and water.

Some of these mixtures will be unlikely to occur due to a lower boiling mixture removing all of one of the components.
For instance diacetyl/ethanol should get the vast majority of diacetyl before the diacetyl/water boiling point is reached.
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Desolus
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Joined: Fri Mar 02, 2018 8:32 am

Re: Azeotrope table

Post by Desolus »

Thanks for posting this, it's interesting.
johnsparrow
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Posts: 126
Joined: Fri Sep 15, 2017 1:11 pm
Location: NZ

Re: Azeotrope table

Post by johnsparrow »

johnnyv wrote: [tr][td][b]Primary[/b][/td][td][b]Secondary[/b][/td][td][b]Tertiary[/b][/td][td][b]Mix BP °C[/b][/td][td][b]P BP °C[/b][/td][td][b]S BP °C[/b][/td][td][b]T BP °C[/b][/td][td][b]P mass %[/b][/td][td][b]S mass %[/b][/td][td][b]T mass %[/b][/td][td][b]Notes[/b][/td][/tr] [tr][td]Acetaldehyde[/td][td][/td][td][/td][td]21[/td][td]21[/td][td][/td][td][/td][td]100[/td][td][/td][td][/td][td]No water azeotrope[/td][/tr] [tr][td]Ethyl formate[/td][td]Methanol[/td][td][/td][td]51[/td][td]54.1[/td][td]64.7[/td][td][/td][td]84[/td][td]16[/td][td][/td][td][/td][/tr] [tr][td]Methyl Acetate[/td][td]Methanol[/td][td][/td][td]53.8[/td][td]57[/td][td]64.7[/td][td][/td][td]81.3[/td][td]18.7[/td][td][/td][td][/td][/tr] [tr][td]Acetone[/td][td]Methanol[/td][td][/td][td]55.7[/td][td]56.5[/td][td]64.7[/td][td][/td][td]87.9[/td][td]12.1[/td][td][/td][td][/td][/tr] [tr][td]Methyl Acetate[/td][td]Water[/td][td][/td][td]56.1[/td][td]57[/td][td]100[/td][td][/td][td]95[/td][td]5[/td][td][/td][td][/td][/tr] [tr][td]Acetone[/td][td][/td][td][/td][td]56.5[/td][td]56.5[/td][td][/td][td][/td][td]100[/td][td][/td][td][/td][td]No water azeotrope[/td][/tr] [tr][td]Methyl Acetate[/td][td]Ethanol[/td][td][/td][td]56.9[/td][td]57[/td][td]78.44[/td][td][/td][td]97[/td][td]3[/td][td][/td][td][/td][/tr] [tr][td]Ethyl Acetate[/td][td]Methanol[/td][td][/td][td]62.3[/td][td]77.1[/td][td]64.7[/td][td][/td][td]56[/td][td]44[/td][td][/td][td][/td][/tr] [tr][td]Methanol[/td][td]Isopropanol[/td][td][/td][td]64[/td][td]64.7[/td][td]82.5[/td][td][/td][td]80[/td][td]20[/td][td][/td][td][/td][/tr] [tr][td]Methanol[/td][td][/td][td][/td][td]64.7[/td][td]64.7[/td][td][/td][td][/td][td]100[/td][td][/td][td][/td][td]No water azeotrope[/td][/tr] [tr][td]Ethyl Acetate[/td][td]Water[/td][td][/td][td]70.4[/td][td]77.1[/td][td]100[/td][td][/td][td]91.9[/td][td]8.1[/td][td][/td][td][/td][/tr] [tr][td]Ethyl Acetate[/td][td]Ethanol[/td][td][/td][td]71.8[/td][td]77.1[/td][td]78.44[/td][td][/td][td]69.2[/td][td]30.8[/td][td][/td][td][/td][/tr] [tr][td]Diacetyl[/td][td]Ethanol[/td][td][/td][td]73.9[/td][td]88[/td][td]78.44[/td][td][/td][td]53[/td][td]47[/td][td][/td][td][/td][/tr] [tr][td]Isopropyl acetate[/td][td]Isopropanol[/td][td]Water[/td][td]75.5[/td][td]101.6[/td][td]82.5[/td][td]100[/td][td]76[/td][td]13[/td][td]11[/td][td]Ternary azeotrope[/td][/tr] [tr][td]Ethanol[/td][td]isopropyl acetate[/td][td][/td][td]76.8[/td][td]78.44[/td][td]88.4[/td][td][/td][td]53[/td][td]47[/td][td][/td][td][/td][/tr] [tr][td]Ethanol[/td][td]Methyl butyrate[/td][td]Water[/td][td]77.62[/td][td]78.44[/td][td]102.34[/td][td]100[/td][td]56.63[/td][td]34.88[/td][td]8.49[/td][td]Ternary azeotrope[/td][/tr] [tr][td]Ethanol[/td][td]Methyl butyrate[/td][td][/td][td]78.13[/td][td]78.44[/td][td]102.34[/td][td][/td][td]80.78[/td][td]19.22[/td][td][/td][td][/td][/tr] [tr][td]Ethanol[/td][td]Water[/td][td][/td][td]78.29[/td][td]78.44[/td][td]100[/td][td][/td][td]95.68[/td][td]4.32[/td][td][/td][td][/td][/tr] [tr][td]Diacetyl[/td][td]Water[/td][td][/td][td]78.5[/td][td]88[/td][td]100[/td][td][/td][td]89.29[/td][td]10.71[/td][td][/td][td][/td][/tr] [tr][td]Isopropanol[/td][td]Water[/td][td][/td][td]80.4[/td][td]82.5[/td][td]100[/td][td][/td][td]87.7[/td][td]12.3[/td][td][/td][td][/td][/tr] [tr][td]N-Propyl acetate[/td][td]Water[/td][td]Propanol[/td][td]82.2[/td][td]101.6[/td][td]100[/td][td]97.3[/td][td]59.5[/td][td]21[/td][td]19.5[/td][td]Ternary azeotrope[/td][/tr] [tr][td]N-Propyl acetate[/td][td]Water[/td][td][/td][td]82.4[/td][td]101.6[/td][td]100[/td][td][/td][td]86[/td][td]14[/td][td][/td][td][/td][/tr] [tr][td]Methyl butyrate[/td][td]Water[/td][td][/td][td]84.77[/td][td]102.34[/td][td]100[/td][td][/td][td]82.11[/td][td]17.89[/td][td][/td][td][/td][/tr] [tr][td]Propanol[/td][td]Water[/td][td][/td][td]88.24[/td][td]97.3[/td][td]100[/td][td][/td][td]71.03[/td][td]28.97[/td][td][/td][td][/td][/tr] [tr][td]Isobutanol[/td][td]Water[/td][td][/td][td]90[/td][td]108[/td][td]100[/td][td][/td][td]70[/td][td]30[/td][td][/td][td][/td][/tr] [tr][td]Isobutyl acetate[/td][td]Water[/td][td][/td][td]90.26[/td][td]118.04[/td][td]100[/td][td][/td][td]75.6[/td][td]24.4[/td][td][/td][td][/td][/tr] [tr][td]N-Butyl acetate[/td][td]Water[/td][td]N-Butanol[/td][td]90.6[/td][td]125.94[/td][td]100[/td][td]117.8[/td][td]63[/td][td]29[/td][td]8[/td][td]Ternary azeotrope[/td][/tr] [tr][td]N-Butyl acetate[/td][td]Water[/td][td][/td][td]90.7[/td][td]125.94[/td][td]100[/td][td][/td][td]72.9[/td][td]27.1[/td][td][/td][td][/td][/tr] [tr][td]Ethyl butyrate[/td][td]Water[/td][td][/td][td]91.4[/td][td]120.54[/td][td]100[/td][td][/td][td]73.24[/td][td]26.76[/td][td][/td][td][/td][/tr] [tr][td]Butanol[/td][td]Water[/td][td][/td][td]92.4[/td][td]117.8[/td][td]100[/td][td][/td][td]55.5[/td][td]44.5[/td][td][/td][td][/td][/tr] [tr][td]N-Butyl acetate[/td][td]Water[/td][td][/td][td]92.98[/td][td]125.94[/td][td]100[/td][td][/td][td]69[/td][td]31[/td][td][/td][td][/td][/tr] [tr][td]Water[/td][td]Isoamyl alcohol[/td][td]Isoamyl acetate[/td][td]93.6[/td][td]100[/td][td]130.54[/td][td]142[/td][td]44.8[/td][td]31.2[/td][td]24[/td][td]Ternary azeotrope[/td][/tr] [tr][td]Propyl butyrate[/td][td]Water[/td][td][/td][td]94.91[/td][td]142.74[/td][td]100[/td][td][/td][td]61.74[/td][td]38.26[/td][td][/td][td][/td][/tr] [tr][td]Isoamyl alcohol[/td][td]Water[/td][td][/td][td]95.31[/td][td]130.54[/td][td]100[/td][td][/td][td]51.33[/td][td]48.67[/td][td][/td][td][/td][/tr] [tr][td]Water[/td][td]Iso-butyric acid[/td][td][/td][td]99.3[/td][td]100[/td][td]154.5[/td][td][/td][td]79[/td][td]21[/td][td][/td][td][/td][/tr] [tr][td]Water[/td][td]Butyric acid[/td][td][/td][td]99.94[/td][td]100[/td][td]163.5[/td][td][/td][td]81.6[/td][td]18.4[/td][td][/td][td][/td][/tr] [tr][td]Water[/td][td]Propionic acid[/td][td][/td][td]99.98[/td][td]100[/td][td]141.1[/td][td][/td][td]82.3[/td][td]17.7[/td][td][/td][td][/td][/tr] [tr][td]Formic acid[/td][td]Water[/td][td][/td][td]107.3[/td][td]100.8[/td][td]100[/td][td][/td][td]77.5[/td][td]22.5[/td][td][/td][td]Negative azeotrope[/td][/tr] [tr][td]Acetic acid[/td][td][/td][td][/td][td]118.1[/td][td]118.1[/td][td][/td][td][/td][td]100[/td][td][/td][td][/td][td]No water azeotrope[/td][/tr]
References:
http://vle-calc.com/azeotrope.html" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;" rel="nofollow Azeotrope database for organic solvent mixtures
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeotrope_tables" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;" rel="nofollow
https://chestofbooks.com/science/chemis ... tures.html" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;" rel="nofollow
http://biopent.uv.es/~roberto/Docencia2 ... _35_86.pdf" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;" rel="nofollow
THE BREAKING OF TERNARY ACETATE-ALCOHOL-WATER AZEOTROPES BY EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION. LLOYD BERG & AN-I YEH
US2176500A Process of concentrating aqueous aliphatic acid solutions by means of seven carbon atom aliphatic esters and five carbon atom aliphatic alcohol entrainers


A rather non exhaustive list of azeotropes related to distillation.
Interesting to note that many high boiling esters form minimum boiling ternary azeotropes with their parent alcohols and water.

Some of these mixtures will be unlikely to occur due to a lower boiling mixture removing all of one of the components.
For instance diacetyl/ethanol should get the vast majority of diacetyl before the diacetyl/water boiling point is reached.

Cool, cheers for that!
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Durhommer
Distiller
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Joined: Tue Mar 12, 2019 11:23 am

Re: Azeotrope table

Post by Durhommer »

nice to find this table on the site lots and lots of reading
You have two ears and one mouth for a reason....
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